What is the origin of Shiva Linga worship ?
Lord Shiva is a very different type of God in Hinduism. If you see other gods, they wear good clothes, ornaments, mukut etc. But if you see Lord Shiva, he is either Digambar (sky clad), Nirguna (shapeless) or Baaghambar Dhaari (Wearing the fur of a tiger). Other gods wear ornaments, he wears rudraksha maala and Naags (Snakes). The one on his neck is Vaasuki Bhagwaan and the one on jata is Takshaka Naaga. He is the only deity to be worshiped by each and every species in the world i.e. Deva, Yaksha, Sura, Siddha, Naaga, Gandharva, Kinnara, Pisaacha, Rakshash, Manusya, Pasu, Pakshi, etc. All are his Bhakts. He is the supreme deity in Shaivism.
Now coming to the answer why he is worshipped as Shivalingam rather than in his Murti roop. The answer is in murti roop you can only worship 1 deity at one time but in Linga roop we worship 2 deities at the same time, Shiva and Shakti. The 2 parts of the Shiva lingam are called Para Shiva and Para Shakti. The word Para means who is above. Basically the Shiva lingam says that Lord Shiva and Shakti are above time and dimensions.
The worship of Linga was brought to us by the Maharishis who are also called as Siddhas in Shaivism. If you observe the shape of Shiva llingam is like the shape of a the Flame of a candle or deepak. This was because Lord Shiva was worshiped in Nirguna form but an idol was needed by the Siddhas to meditate and concentrate on a particular idol. Here they also needed to the Parmeshwari Shakti at the same time. So Lord Shiva Shakti's Ardhanarishwar form is worshiped in Shiva Linga. So basically Shiva Linga is a symbol of Ardhanarishwar form. In Linga Purana it is mentioned that Sanskrit word Linga means Special Representative Symbol.
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